Frontiers in Endocrinology

ObjectiveTo introduce and evaluate the clinical utility of the "adipo-B index" as a novel metric of the adipose tissue-pancreatic beta cell axis. To our knowledge, no prior clinical metric has integrated adipose tissue insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell function into a single index applicable across therapeutic classes. MethodsTreatment-naive subjects with T2DM received monotherapy with modified traditional diet for diabetes (MJDD, n=61), canagliflozin (n=67), pioglitazone (n=54), or s...

Uric acid (UA) is traditionally regarded as a metabolic risk marker; however, its dynamic behavior during glucose-lowering therapy remains incompletely understood. We compared UA responses to a modified traditional Japanese diet (MJDD) and the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this prospective observational study, drug-naive patients received MJDD (n=58) or alogliptin (n=52) monotherapy for 3 months. Changes ({Delta}) in serum UA were ana...

Background and aimsThe optimal eating window for time-restricted eating (TRE) remains unclear. We investigated the effects of 8-hour TRE combined with usual care (UC, a Mediterranean diet-based education program), versus UC alone over 12 weeks on hepatic fat fraction, liver health markers, and fecal microbiota in adults with overweight or obesity. MethodsIn this multicenter randomized trial, participants (50% women) were assigned to UC (n=49), early TRE (n=49), late TRE (n=52), or self-selected...

ObjectivesThere is currently insufficient evidence linking COVID-19 infection with Graves disease (GD). Following the complete lifting of COVID-19 restrictions on December 13, 2022, widespread infection in Guangzhou provides a basis for this study. This research aims to investigate the correlation between COVID-19 infection and GD onset, explore the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed GD post-infection, and offer a scientific basis for treatment. MethodsThe study population inclu...

AimsThe distribution of abdominal adipose depots and their mechanistic links to type 2 diabetes remain incompletely understood. This study elucidated the relationship between type 2 diabetes presence and quantitative abdominal imaging traits, including hepatic steatosis, liver and spleen size, and adipose distribution, using unenhanced computed tomography (CT) scans from a large-scale, racially diverse, disease-focused medical biobank. Materials and MethodsDeep learning algorithms were applied ...

BackgroundThe role of adipokines in childhood glycemia is poorly understood. We investigate the longitudinal association between adipokines and glycemia in a cohort of children in Mexico City. MethodsChildren from the Programming Research in Obesity, Growth, Environment, and Social Stressors (PROGRESS) cohort (948 children, 52% male) were followed longitudinally from birth. Leptin, adiponectin, glucose, and HbA1c were measured at four, six, and eight years, and fasting insulin at eight years. A...

ContextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism and frequent metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance (IR), and is commonly accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation. Complete blood count (CBC)-derived indices provide inexpensive markers reflecting systemic inflammatory and hematologic status; however, their relationships with androgen-related features in PCOS remain incompletely characterized. ObjectiveTo evaluate associations between androgen-relat...

ContextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder associated with reproductive dysfunction and long-term cardiometabolic risk. Traditional phenotype classifications based on diagnostic criteria may not fully capture the multidimensional biological variability underlying endocrine and metabolic risk profiles, particularly in young women. ObjectiveTo identify data-driven endocrine-metabolic phenotypes in young women with PCOS and evaluate their association with establi...

GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) discontinuation has been associated with weight regain. However, the real-world association between discontinuation of GLP-1RA prescriptions and weight change has not been explored. We assessed weight trajectories of 4,182 patients in the six months following their last GLP-1RA prescription. Approximately two-thirds of patients showed stable weight or continued weight loss during this period post the last known GLP-1RA prescription. In a representative subset of ...

Obesity-driven type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pathological alterations in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). While microRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators, comprehensive human vWAT profiling across metabolic states remains limited. This study characterized vWAT miRNA expression in lean, obese, and obese+T2D individuals to identify regulatory networks associated with metabolic failure. Deep miRNA sequencing was performed on vWAT samples from a discovery cohort, fo...

BackgroundThe diagnostic accuracy of HbA1C for prediabetes has been questioned due to its discordance with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose in non-white populations. This study aims to estimate concordance in the diagnosis of prediabetes using HbA1C FPG, and OGTT in a Filipino-American cohort. MethodsCross-sectional data from 149 Filipino-Americans without known diabetes living in the San Francisco Bay Area were used to compare prevalence of predia...

Breastfeeding is associated with metabolic benefits for women with type 2 diabetes and their infants, yet breastfeeding rates in these women are poorly described. Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes, and lower breastfeeding rates, making it difficult to disentangle type 2 diabetes vs. obesity effects on breastfeeding. AimsThe primary objective was to examine breastfeeding rates in women with type 2 diabetes, compared to normoglycaemic women with either (1) matched body mass index (BMI) o...

BackgroundCurrent glycemic monitoring exhibits a critical temporal gap between fructosamine (14-21 days) and HbA1c (90-120 days), limiting timely therapeutic adjustments. The Glycated Protein Precipitation Index (GPPI) represents a novel biomarker potentially bridging this interval. ObjectiveTo validate GPPIs correlation with established glycemic markers and determine its clinical utility for intermediate-term glycemic assessment. Methods: This prospective validation study will enroll 200 diabe...

1PurposeThe KIND (KINder mit Diabetes) cohort investigates diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in paediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current guidelines recommend DPN screening at puberty or from 11 years and 2-5 years after T1D diagnosis, yet subclinical neurophysiological changes occur within the first 2 years. The cohort examines: (1) longitudinal associations between glycaemic metrics (HbA1c and continuous glucose monitoring-derived variability metrics) and peripheral nerve function and struc...

BackgroundDysbiosis of gut microbiota plays a key role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Fecal microbiota transplantation represents a novel therapeutic avenue. We hypothesize that youth-derived fecal microbiota transplantation (yFMT) can remodel the gut microecosystem and improve clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of orally administered yFMT capsules in adults with T1DM. Methods and analysisThis single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlle...

BackgroundDigital health self-monitoring tools are widely used to support weight management and metabolic health. Higher engagement with these tools is often associated with better clinical outcomes; however, real-world engagement-outcome relationships for consumer metabolic monitoring devices remain incompletely characterized, particularly in heterogeneous user populations. ObjectiveTo evaluate whether engagement with a portable breath-based metabolic device (Lumen; Metaflow Ltd.) is associate...

BACKGROUNDCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of diabetes-related mortality in Mexico. Although diabetes subgroups capture underlying disease heterogeneity, their association and utility for risk prediction for fatal CVD in Mexican adults remain unclear. METHODSWe analyzed 24,943 adults with diabetes from the Mexico City Prospective Study. Participants were classified into mild obesity-related (MOD), severe insulin-deficient (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant (SIRD), and mild age-rela...

Cushings disease is caused by the overproduction of cortisol. The effects of this disease are well known in a general population, including high blood pressure, diabetes, and weight gain. Cushings disease causes both obesity and metabolic related symptoms, and it can be difficult to discern the obesity-dependent from the obesity-independent mechanisms of Cushings disease. To identify patients with Cushings disease, we identified 476 Michigan Medicine patients between January 1st 2000-2025 along ...

ImportanceDiagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescence is challenging because menstrual irregularity and hyperandrogenism are common in adolescents. Recent international guidelines highlighted an at risk for PCOS category based on either menstrual regularity or hyperandrogenism; however, its population prevalence and genetic correlates remain unknown. ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of PCOS and at risk for PCOS in adolescence and evaluate associations with genetic risk for P...

Background/ObjectivesOur objective was to understand the role of clinical and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) parameters in predicting the risk of hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes pediatric patients. MethodsPediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (n=71) at the Oradea County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Romania, underwentCGM during their initial visit and were followed for at least 6 months, with in-clinic visits every 3 months. Age, body mass index, time in range, mean daily glucose(MDG) con...